{"id":10754,"date":"2025-03-04T05:46:23","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T10:46:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/?p=10754"},"modified":"2025-03-04T05:46:25","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T10:46:25","slug":"the-origins-and-longevity-of-ige-responses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/trending-topics\/the-origins-and-longevity-of-ige-responses\/","title":{"rendered":"The Origins and Longevity of IgE Responses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\t<div class=\"dkpdf-button-container\" style=\" text-align:right \">\n\n\t\t<a class=\"dkpdf-button\" href=\"\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10754?pdf=10754\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"dkpdf-button-icon\"><i class=\"fa fa-file-pdf-o\"><\/i><\/span> Download PDF<\/a>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<style>.entry p, .entry ol{font-size: 1rem;}.entry h3{color:#009fe3;margin-top:0}.entry h4{color:#009453;margin-top:1.5rem}.entry h5{color: #003a5c; font-size: 1.05rem;margin-top:1.5rem;}.entry figure{margin:32px auto;border:1px solid #ccc}.entry figure img{width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto}.entry figcaption{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.35rem;padding:10px;color:#222}.entry .blog-tbl{margin:1rem auto;caption-side:bottom}.entry .blog-tbl td,.entry .blog-tbl th{padding:10px 9px;border:1px solid #00172b;text-align:left}.entry .blog-tbl td{border-color:#003a5c}.entry .blog-tbl th{background-color:#00172b;color:#fff;border-left-color:#fff;border-right-color:#fff}.entry .blog-tbl th p{color:#fff}.entry .blog-tbl th:first-of-type{border-left-color:#00172b}.entry .blog-tbl th:last-of-type{border-right-color:#00172b}.entry .blog-tbl p{text-align:left;margin:0}.entry .box-note{border:2px solid #009453;padding:12px;margin:1rem 0}.entry .box-note p{margin:0;padding:0}.entry .styled-list{list-style-type:none}.entry .styled-list li, .entry li{margin-top:1rem;line-height:1rem;font-size:1rem;}.entry .styled-list li::before{font-family:\"Font Awesome 6 Pro\";display:inline-block;content:\"\\f3c5\";-webkit-transform:rotate(-90deg);transform:rotate(-90deg);margin-left:-20px;margin-right:11px;font-size:.75rem;color:#ed7004;font-weight:600}.entry .styled-list ol li::before{display:none}.entry .styled-list li>ul li::before{font-weight:200}.entry .overview{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;padding:16px;margin:1rem auto;border:1px solid #eee}.entry .overview hr{margin-top:14px}.entry .overview-text{text-align:center;font-size:1rem;margin:0}.entry .btn-sq{color:#fff;font-size:.9rem;font-weight:600;border:2px solid rgb(237, 112, 4);padding:7px 13px;background:rgb(237, 112, 4);cursor:pointer;text-align:center;line-height:1.5rem;margin:0 auto;}.entry .btn-sq:hover{text-decoration:none;color:rgb(237, 112, 4);background:#fff;}.entry .btn-container{display:flex;width:100%;margin:1.3rem 0;}.entry .btn-container .fa-solid, .entry .btn-container .fa-duotone{margin-right:10px;}@media(max-width: 768px){.entry .btn-sq{font-size:1.05rem;}}<\/style>\n<style>.entry figure {max-width: 450px}<\/style>\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/kit.fontawesome.com\/904923013f.js\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><!-- \n\n\n\n<style>.entry .styled-list li::before{font-size:1rem}.entry .styled-list{margin-top:2rem}.entry .styled-list li{font-size:1.15rem;}.entry .btn-container{margin-top: .8rem;}<\/style>\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<h2>A recent <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/all.15799\">review<\/a>, authored by researchers at Monash University, Australia, looks at potential sources of IgE and suggests how these could serve as therapeutic targets for allergic diseases. We share some of their observations here, including the importance of mouse models to advance understanding of IgE biology, and comment on how Jackson ImmunoResearch <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/catalog\/search\">Anti-Human IgE Antibodies<\/a> can help to reveal novel discoveries.<\/h2>\n<h4>Sensitization is a critical factor in the development of allergic diseases<\/h4>\n<p>While IgE is the rarest secreted antibody isotype, it represents a key mediator of allergy and associated diseases such as asthma and eosinophilic esophagitis (an allergic inflammation of the esophagus that typically occurs in response to certain foods). Sensitization, summarized in Figure 1, is a critical factor in the development of such conditions that involves the maturation of B cells into IgE antibody-secreting cells (IgE<sup>+<\/sup> ASC) and subsequent binding of IgE to receptors on the surface of mast cells and basophils. Notably, sensitization paves the way for allergen re-exposure to trigger an allergic response, which can vary in severity from mild tissue edema to fatal anaphylaxis.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11208 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/24-Q1-Allergy-Illustration-01_700w.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"713\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/24-Q1-Allergy-Illustration-01_700w.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/24-Q1-Allergy-Illustration-01_700w-295x300.jpg 295w, https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/24-Q1-Allergy-Illustration-01_700w-45x45.jpg 45w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 1. The process of sensitization.<\/strong> Initial exposure to the allergen results in its capture by B cells. The B cells then process the allergen to form peptides that are presented via MHC-II to T follicular helper (TFH) cells. Upon recognizing the peptide\u2013MHC-II complex, the TFH cells release IL-4 and engage in CD40L-dependent signaling, which drives B cell proliferation and IgE class-switch recombination (CSR). Once a B cell is IgE class-switched, it differentiates into an IgE antibody-secreting cell (IgE<sup>+<\/sup> ASC) and produces IgE that binds to IgE receptors on mast cells and basophils.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>Sensitization is difficult to reverse<\/h4>\n<p>Over the past few decades, various attempts have been made to limit the impact of sensitization and thus reduce the severity of disease. However, efforts have been hampered by gaps in researchers\u2019 understanding of IgE biology, which include how long IgE<sup>+<\/sup> ASC persist, and which B cells are responsible for ongoing IgE<sup>+<\/sup> ASC production in non-remitting allergies. Despite this, encouraging results include the finding that the Bruton&#8217;s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor remibrutinib inhibits activation of human basophils and mast cells induced <em>in vitro <\/em>and the discovery that monoclonal antibodies targeting IgE can alleviate allergic symptoms.<\/p>\n<h4>Allergen type and exposure method can impact sensitization<\/h4>\n<p>It is now known that allergens differ in terms of how likely they are to sensitize, whether they will elicit their effects throughout an individual\u2019s lifetime, and if they will co-sensitize to other allergens. For example, milk and egg allergies usually predominate in infants and resolve by age 12, while allergies to peanuts, fish, and shellfish tend to persist, and cockroach-allergic individuals are often co-sensitized to house dust mites. In addition, the manner in which an allergen is first encountered can impact sensitization. Common routes of sensitization include chronic respiratory exposure to environmental allergens, exposure to food proteins (typically during the first three years of life), and exposure resulting from skin damage.<\/p>\n<h4>Mouse models of allergy reflect different sensitization routes<\/h4>\n<p>Mouse models of allergy have been widely used to study the mechanisms of IgE production and are designed to reflect the sensitization routes just described. They include models based on long-term exposure to aerosolized allergens, which mimic chronic workplace exposures by maintaining a low-level IgE response for extended periods of time, and models involving adjuvanted mucosal exposure through the gut or lung, which have utility for investigating the auto-adjuvant properties of allergens such as papain and Der p 1. Models based on tape-strip damaged skin allow for studying allergen exposure through skin lesions, including those associated with eczema and filaggrin loss-of-function mutations.<\/p>\n<h4>IgE<sup>+<\/sup> ASC demand further investigation<\/h4>\n<p>Although sensitization is known to result in the production of IgE<sup>+<\/sup> ASC, there is still much to learn about these cells. For example, while IgE<sup>+<\/sup> ASC have been suggested to come from a germinal center (GC) or post-GC memory B cell (mBC) source, this remains unclear. Although mouse work indicates that IgG B cells are the main reservoir of IgE<sup>+<\/sup> ASC precursors in the context of allergen re-exposure, two recent studies infer that a subset of memory B cells might harbor IgE memory in humans. The lifespan of IgE<sup>+<\/sup> ASC is also highly contentious. Although transcriptomic evidence has confirmed the existence of immature IgE<sup>+<\/sup> ASC, the presence of long-lived IgE<sup>+<\/sup> ASC has yet to be verified. A further area for investigation involves determining whether blocking the IL-4 signaling required for IgE CSR could provide therapeutic benefit. Encouraging clinical results have been seen using the anti-IL-4R\u03b1 antibody dupilumab for this purpose, including &gt;80% loss of serum IgE over treatment periods of 1 year or more in allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis patients. Answering these questions, and others, is essential to develop effective treatments for IgE-mediated diseases.<\/p>\n<h4>Supporting allergy research<\/h4>\n<p>When studying the role of different immunoglobulin isotypes in a biological mechanism, it is important that they are detected specifically to prevent misidentification and illuminate the role of each isotype in the process. Jackson ImmunoResearch specializes in producing secondary antibodies for life science applications and offers Anti-Human antibodies specific to IgG, IgA, IgM, and now IgE to support your research.<\/p>\n<p>Learn more <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/trending-topics\/case-study-diagnostic-applications-allergy\/\">here<\/a><\/p>\n<h4>References<\/h4>\n<ul class=\"styled-list\">\n<li>Ding Z, Mulder J, and Robinson MJ. The origins and longevity of IgE responses as indicated by serological and cellular studies in mice and humans. Allergy. 2023 Dec;78(12):3103-3117. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/all.15799\">https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/all.15799<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/technical\/products\/groups\/anti-human-secondary-antibodies\/ige\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-10757 size-full\" style=\"width: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/600x100-100-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"601\" height=\"101\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/600x100-100-1.jpg 601w, https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/600x100-100-1-300x50.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 601px) 100vw, 601px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<table class=\"table blogLinks\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"span6\">Learn more:<\/th>\n<th class=\"span6\">Do more:<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"span6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/immuno-techniques\/directandindirectwesternblotting\/\">Indirect and direct Western blotting<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"span6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jireurope.com\/home\/exhibitions\">Exhibition Schedule<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"span6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/immuno-techniques\/chemiluminescent-western-blotting\/\">Chemiluminescence western blotting<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"span6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jireurope.com\/home\/offers\/citeandwin\">Cite and Win<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"span6\"><a class=\"row-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=3642&amp;action=edit\" aria-label=\"\u201cAn Introduction to Expansion Microscopy\u201d (Edit)\">An Introduction to Expansion Microscopy<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"span6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jireurope.com\/home\/offers\/previous-winners\">Past Competition Winners<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Related Posts generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Download PDF A recent review, authored by researchers at Monash University, Australia, looks at potential sources of IgE and suggests how these could serve as therapeutic targets for allergic diseases. We share some of their observations here, including the importance of mouse models to advance understanding of IgE biology, and comment on how Jackson ImmunoResearch [&hellip;]<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Related Posts generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":9886,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10754"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10754"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10754\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11210,"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10754\/revisions\/11210"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10754"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10754"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10754"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}