{"id":9435,"date":"2022-09-23T04:26:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-23T08:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/?p=9435"},"modified":"2023-07-04T04:04:54","modified_gmt":"2023-07-04T08:04:54","slug":"case-study-diagnostic-applications-allergy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/trending-topics\/case-study-diagnostic-applications-allergy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00a0Case Study: Diagnostic applications: Allergy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\t<div class=\"dkpdf-button-container\" style=\" text-align:right \">\n\n\t\t<a class=\"dkpdf-button\" href=\"\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9435?pdf=9435\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"dkpdf-button-icon\"><i class=\"fa fa-file-pdf-o\"><\/i><\/span> Download PDF<\/a>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<style>.entry p, .entry ol{font-size: 1rem;}.entry h3{color:#009fe3;margin-top:0}.entry h4{color:#009453;margin-top:1.5rem}.entry h5{color: #003a5c; font-size: 1.05rem;margin-top:1.5rem;}.entry figure{margin:32px auto;border:1px solid #ccc}.entry figure img{width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto}.entry figcaption{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.35rem;padding:10px;color:#222}.entry .blog-tbl{margin:1rem auto;caption-side:bottom}.entry .blog-tbl td,.entry .blog-tbl th{padding:10px 9px;border:1px solid #00172b;text-align:left}.entry .blog-tbl td{border-color:#003a5c}.entry .blog-tbl th{background-color:#00172b;color:#fff;border-left-color:#fff;border-right-color:#fff}.entry .blog-tbl th p{color:#fff}.entry .blog-tbl th:first-of-type{border-left-color:#00172b}.entry .blog-tbl th:last-of-type{border-right-color:#00172b}.entry .blog-tbl p{text-align:left;margin:0}.entry .box-note{border:2px solid #009453;padding:12px;margin:1rem 0}.entry .box-note p{margin:0;padding:0}.entry .styled-list{list-style-type:none}.entry .styled-list li{margin-top:1rem;line-height:1rem;font-size:1rem;}.entry .styled-list li::before{font-family:\"Font Awesome 5 Pro\";display:inline-block;content:\"\\f3c5\";-webkit-transform:rotate(-90deg);transform:rotate(-90deg);margin-left:-20px;margin-right:11px;font-size:.75rem;color:#ed7004;font-weight:600}.entry .styled-list ol li::before{display:none}.entry .styled-list li>ul li::before{font-weight:200}.entry .overview{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;padding:16px;margin:1rem auto;border:1px solid #eee}.entry .overview hr{margin-top:14px}.entry .overview-text{text-align:center;font-size:1rem;margin:0}.entry .btn-sq{color:#fff;font-size:.9rem;font-weight:600;border:2px solid rgb(237, 112, 4);padding:7px 13px;background:rgb(237, 112, 4);cursor:pointer;text-align:center;line-height:1.5rem;margin:0 auto;}.entry .btn-sq:hover{text-decoration:none;color:rgb(237, 112, 4);background:#fff;}.entry .btn-container{display:flex;width:100%;margin:1.3rem 0;}.entry .btn-container .fa-solid, .entry .btn-container .fa-duotone{margin-right:10px;}@media(max-width: 768px){.entry .btn-sq{font-size:1.05rem;}}<\/style>\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/kit.fontawesome.com\/904923013f.js\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><\/p>\n<style>.entry figure {max-width: 450px} .entry .thin-fig{max-width: 320px;}<\/style>\n<style>@media (max-width: 979px) {.entry .btn-container{display:block;max-width:370px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;} .entry .btn-container .btn-sq:first-of-type{margin-bottom: 1rem}}<\/style>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Allergy affects many people and has multiple causes including pet dander, pollen, and chemical allergens. It may manifest as skin irritations or rhinitis, through to the more serious such as allergic asthma and life-threatening anaphylaxis. Allergy is commonly diagnosed using immunoassays which can identify the causative agent and the disease\u2019s severity. In this article, we introduce allergy and present two immunotechniques commonly used to characterize and diagnose allergies.<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9440 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/allergy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"467\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/allergy.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/allergy-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Allergy affects the lives of many people globally and is an increasing problem for people living in the northern hemisphere (Zhang and Steiner 2022; Anderegg, W.R.<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et al<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">., 2021). The incidence of companion animal, food, and environmental allergies appears to be rising and affects a large proportion of the population (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pawankar <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et al.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 2011\u2019 Loh <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et al<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">., 2018)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Beyond allergy\u2019s considerable impact on health and well-being, it has a considerable financial cost. Allergic reactions can range in severity.\u00a0 They can manifest as local symptoms, \u201catopy,\u201d which causes minor irritation and inconvenience, such as allergic rhinitis or \u201chayfever.\u201d On the other end of the spectrum, allergic reactions may have more severe systemic manifestations, such as drug or insect venom allergy leading to anaphylactic shock. Not all allergies lead to such severe outcomes. The severity of the reaction is controlled by several factors, including dose, route of exposure, allergen, age, comorbidities, and the immune competence of the individual.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IgE is produced in response to exposure to an allergen and some parasitic infections. IgE is also produced as part of the inflammatory sequelae in some autoimmune disorders. In the case of allergy, the IgE acts functionally to trigger the release of histamine and other agents from mast\/specialized cells, initiating what is recognized as the allergic response. Consequently, detection and quantification of specific and total IgE from patient serum is a common clinical procedure in allergy diagnosis. Detection of specific IgE may be used to identify the allergen responsible for sensitivity, such as nut or pollen. Levels of specific IgE from patients can correspond to the severity of the allergic reaction. Therefore, these levels have been used to develop systems to grade the allergy. Several grading systems have evolved to help clinicians standardize observations when clinical features differ between patients (Sanchez-Borges <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et al.,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 2019). These grades are standardized and form the foundation of current commercial testing systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here we demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of JIR Anti-Human IgE to detect specific IgE from human serum in common immunoassays used in the characterization of allergy.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>Detection of IgE specific to cat allergen by ELISA<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a commonly used immunoassay for the detection and quantification of immunoglobulins from biological samples. They may be employed in allergy testing to identify IgE class antibodies specific to allergens, either as part of a screen to identify the sensitizing agent or in efforts to characterize the severity of the allergy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The assay below uses an ELISA to illustrate the utility of anti-IgE in the detection of IgE specific to cat dander allergen (FelD1) in sera from patients.\u00a0 Patient sera were graded between 0 &#8211; 5 by using the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Phadia ImmunoCap<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> assay system. These data demonstrate the sensitivity and quantitative response of Alkaline Phosphatase Anti-Human IgE used as the detection reagent.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9436\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/Detection-of-Fel-D1-Cat-specific-IgE.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/Detection-of-Fel-D1-Cat-specific-IgE.jpg 2307w, https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/Detection-of-Fel-D1-Cat-specific-IgE-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/Detection-of-Fel-D1-Cat-specific-IgE-1024x587.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/Detection-of-Fel-D1-Cat-specific-IgE-1536x881.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/Detection-of-Fel-D1-Cat-specific-IgE-2048x1174.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>: Detection of cat allergen-specific IgE by ELISA. Plate coated with FelD1 antigen in coating buffer at 0.2 ug\/mL at 100 \u03bcl per well and incubated at 4<sup>o<\/sup>C overnight. The plate was blocked with 300 \u03bcl\/well of 1% Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (<a href=\"\/catalog\/products\/001-000-161\">001-000-161<\/a>) in PBS\/T for 2 hrs at room temperature (RT). 1:5 dilutions of plasma\/serum samples previously characterized using the Phadia ImmunoCap assay were made in PBS\/T and then serial diluted 1:2 across the plate at 100 \u03bcl per well for 1 hr at RT. Detection antibody, JIR Alkaline Phosphatase Anti-Human IgE (<a href=\"\/catalog\/products\/209-055-241\">209-055-241<\/a>), was diluted at 1:10,000 in PBS\/T and incubated at 100 \u03bcl per well for 1 hr at RT. 100 \u03bcl\/well of freshly prepared DEA substrate was incubated on the plate for 30 min and read at 600nm.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>Detecting nut allergy: Detection of IgE specific to Peanut by LFIA<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) are an effective testing method to detect the presence of antigens or antibodies at the point of care. As seen during the recent Covid-19 pandemic, they offer rapid and qualitative \u201cyes or no\u201d results. LFIA or LFTs (Lateral flow tests) are an excellent format to confirm food allergy in a clinical setting. Food allergies can range in severity and can impact the patient\u2019s quality of life (Cox <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et al<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">., 2010). Accurate and rapid testing can ensure swift diagnosis and access to suitable treatment or prophylaxis. It should be noted that assays should be validated by the user. Here we demonstrate the utility of JIR Anti-Human IgE in a contrived LFIA against the common and potentially serious allergen &#8211; peanut.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thin-fig\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-10368 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/IgE-lateral-flow-2-300x228.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/IgE-lateral-flow-2-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/IgE-lateral-flow-2-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/IgE-lateral-flow-2.jpg 1163w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 2<\/strong>: Lateral flow detection of IgE specific to peanut allergy. Patient sera previously qualified by Phadia ImmunoCap was diluted 1:4 and added to a well containing 40 nm Colloidal Gold ChromPure Chicken IgY (IgG), whole molecule (<a href=\"\/catalog\/products\/003-400-003\">003-400-003<\/a>), and 40nm Colloidal Gold Anti-Human IgE (<a href=\"\/catalog\/products\/209-402-241\">209-402-241<\/a>). This mixture was then flowed over a membrane striped with a control of Donkey Anti-Chicken IgY (IgG) (H+L) (min X Bov, Gt, GP, Sy Hms, Hrs, Hu, Ms, Rb, Rat, Shp Sr Prot) (<a href=\"\/catalog\/products\/709-005-155\">709-005-155<\/a>). and 3 different nut allergens; Cashew, Hazelnut and Peanut.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Jackson ImmunoResearch specializes in producing secondary antibodies for life science applications, including ELISA and LFIA. Our portfolio includes anti-IgE antibodies conjugated to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/catalog\/1\">HRP<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/catalog\/1\">Biotin<\/a>, Alkaline Phosphatase, and R-PE. We\u2019ve also recently expanded our range of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/catalog\/27\">gold-conjugated secondary antibodies<\/a> with the addition of 40 nm colloidal gold conjugates, which are among the most frequently used detection moieties for LFIA.<\/p>\n<div class=\"btn-container\"><a class=\"btn-sq\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/technical\/products\/groups\/anti-human-secondary-antibodies\/ige\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-magnifying-glass\"><\/i>Browse Anti-Human IgE antibodies<\/a><a class=\"btn-sq\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/trending-topics\/allergy-testing\/\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-graduation-cap\"><\/i>Learn more about IgE and its role in allergy<\/a><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>References:<\/h4>\n<ul class=\"styled-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anderegg, W.R. et al., 2021. Anthropogenic climate change is worsening North American pollen seasons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(7). <\/span><\/li>\n<li>Cox, L., Larenas-Linnemann, D., Lockey, R. and Passalacqua, G., 2010. Speaking the same language: The World Allergy Organization Subcutaneous Immunotherapy Systemic Reaction Grading System. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 125(3), pp.569-574.e7.<\/li>\n<li>Pawankar, R., Canonica, G., Holgate, S., and Lockey, R., 2011. World Allergy Organization (WAO) white book on allergy. United Kingdom: WAO.<\/li>\n<li>Loh W, Tang MLK. The Epidemiology of Food Allergy in the Global Context. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Sep 18;15(9):2043. doi: 10.3390\/ijerph15092043. PMID: 30231558; PMCID: PMC6163515.<\/li>\n<li>S\u00e1nchez-Borges, M., Ansotegui, I. &amp; Cox, L. World Allergy Organization Grading System for Systemic Allergic Reactions: it Is Time to Speak the Same Language When it Comes to Allergic Reactions. Curr Treat Options Allergy 6, 388\u2013395 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40521-019-00229-8<\/li>\n<li>Zhang, Y., Steiner, A.L. Projected climate-driven changes in pollen emission season length and magnitude over the continental United States. Nat Commun 13, 1234 (2022). <a style=\"font-size: revert;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-28764-0\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-28764-0<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/technical\/products\/groups\/anti-human-secondary-antibodies\/ige\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9472 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fish-IgE-728x90-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"728\" height=\"90\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fish-IgE-728x90-1.jpg 728w, https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fish-IgE-728x90-1-300x37.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<table class=\"table blogLinks aligncenter\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"span6\">Learn more:<\/th>\n<th class=\"span6\">Do more:<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"span6\"><a href=\"\/secondary-antibody-resource\/immuno-techniques\/colorimetric-western-blotting\/\">Colorimetric western blotting<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"span6\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/technical\/products\/conjugate-selection\/fluorophore-selection#spectra\">Spectra Viewer<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"span6\"><a href=\"\/secondary-antibody-resource\/immuno-techniques\/fluorescent-western-blotting\/\">Chemiluminescence western blotting<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"span6\"><a href=\"\/technical\/products\/groups\/signal-enhancement\">Antibodies for signal enhancement<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"span6\" colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"\/secondary-antibody-resource\/immuno-techniques\/fluorescent-western-blotting\/\">Fluorescent western blotting<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Related Posts generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Download PDF Allergy affects many people and has multiple causes including pet dander, pollen, and chemical allergens. It may manifest as skin irritations or rhinitis, through to the more serious such as allergic asthma and life-threatening anaphylaxis. Allergy is commonly diagnosed using immunoassays which can identify the causative agent and the disease\u2019s severity. In this [&hellip;]<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Related Posts generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9440,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9435"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9435"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9435\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10370,"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9435\/revisions\/10370"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9440"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jacksonimmuno.com\/secondary-antibody-resource\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}